Lesson 2 : Multi engine aerodynamics ( Time 1 : 30 hour )

 

Related material / reading assignments

-          AFH ch. 14.

-          Commercial pilot PTS ( Multi engine land )

Schedule

-          Introduction / Review ( 15 minutes )

-          Presentation ( 1 hour )

-          Short Break

-          Summary ( 15 minutes )

Content

Introduction

Review

-          Go through any questions from the previous lesson

o       Reexplain the System voltage deal !

 

-          The Drag curves

o       Explanation

§       Front side

§       Back side

 

-          The four forces of flight (review)

o       Level flight is a function of balanced power

o       Decending = Power deficit

o       Climbing = Power excess

 

-          The Power curve

o       Explanation

§       The flat spot on the top – Large airspeed change / little VSI change

 

-          Various speeds compared to the power curve / Reiterating the Various speeds.

o       Vyse  THE SPEED THAT GIVES YOU MINIMUM DRAG / SINKRATE !

o       Vxse  

o       Vsse

o       V l / d max

 

-          Accelerate / stop distance ( Balanced field )

o       See 14 / 7

 

-          Single engine service ceiling / Absolute ceiling

o       Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-          Loss of one engine ( NO CORRECTION MADE )

o       What happens when one engine fails….          

§       Yaw towards the failed engine ( Force depends on engine power )

§       Bank towards the Failed engine

§       Side slipping – INCREASING DRAG A LOT !

§       Airspeed dropping fast !

§       300 fpm loss of VSI

 

o       Critical engine

§       Definition

§       Asymmetric torque

§       Spiraling slipstream

 

-          Corrective action when one engine lost – GO TO Vy IMMEDIATELY !

o       Rudder / Yaw aginst the working engine ( Force depends on airspeed )

§       Only rudder produces a sideslip

§       The danger of a rudder stall

 

o       Aileron / Bank against the Working engine

§       How the bank affects the yawing action

·       More bank = less rudder/ YAW required but vorse climbrate

 

o       Combining The Rudder and Aileron

§       Set the bank angle, and produce ZERO slip with the rudder!
USE 0.5 BALL TOWARDS THE WORKING ENGINE IF NO STRING

§       Slipstring theory - Stepping away from the string

§       How the inclimometer works in non level flight.

 

o       Climb performance

§       Max climbrate compared to level flight ( Level = 0 ground )

§       200 / 1200 = 85 % loss of CLIMB PERFORMANCE

 

-          Drag elements ( At ZERO sideslip )

o       Flaps

§       Explation of the effect of flaps

§       Incidence – Airfoil ( Stall speed )– Washout – Drag – Trim

§       Drag at various flap settings

·       10 = - 50 fpm

·       25 = - 150 fpm

·       40 = - 300 fpm

o       Landing gear

§       Drag compared with Flap

§       Around 200 fpm increase

 

o       Prop feathering

§       - 200 fpm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-          Vmc factors ( 14 / 3 AFH )

-          Vmca (Certification elements )

o       Altitude

o       Banking towards the good engine

o       CG location

o       Weight

o       Landing gear

o       Use of flaps

o       Feathering

 

SUMMARY

-          Vy IMMEDIATELY after engine failure !

-          Bank Into the working engine

-          ZERO sideslip using slip string or BALL ( 0,5 ball towards the working engine )

 

-         T – tail longitudinal stability ( IF TIME REMAINING )

o       Balancing torques

o       Back / front side of power curve

§       Effect on stability
POSITIVE STATIC
NEUTRAL STATIC
NEGATIVE STATIC