Lesson 1 : Introduction, Piper Seminole systems ( Time 1 : 00 hour )

 

Objective

Prepare the students for their multiengine practical training.

Go through the various elements that pertain to Multi engine transition.

Related material

-          Piper Seminole POH

Schedule

-          Introducing ( 10 minutes )

-          Presentation ( 45 minutes )

-          Summary ( 10 minutes )

Content

Introduction ( Time 10 min. )

Get things started and let everybody get settled in.

Getting ready for the lesson

 

Attention

-         The high wing loading PA 44 VS RG

o       The drag curves / Speed polar

o       Sink rates / Best climb speed

o       What happens when one engine is lost

 

Content ( Emphasis on Prop – Gear – Fuel – Electrical )

-          General ( section 1 POH )

o       Category

o       Weights

o       Important speeds

o       General characteristics of the aircraft.

§       Trim

§       Handling ( general and compared to the RG )

§       Speed range  ( Vy – Vno ) 25 % higher speed range typical.

·       PA 44 : 81 kt

·       RG : 61 kt

-         Propellers ( 7 – 5 )

o       Basic propeller theory (Definitions )

§       Blade angle

§       Pitch angle ( High increased pitch – low RPM, Low decreased pitch – high RPM )

·       How airspeed changes the pitch angle

§       Geometric pitch / Effective pitch

·       Propeller slip is the difference between the 2

§       Propeller effectiveness

o       Description of the PA 44 propeller system

§       Seeks Towards HIGH pitch

§       Spring / Gas loaded

§       Oil pressure adjusts towards Low pitch / High RPM – AUTOFEATHER !

o       Description of the governor

§       Define governor range

§       Basic operation

o       Define feathering

§       The feathering locks

·       950 RPM

o       Reminder of the Proper sequence of power usage / Power settings

Landing Gear ( 7 – 6 )

-          Description of the landing gear system

o       The fluid reservoir

§       Electric driven

§       1400 – 1800 PSI

§       Located in the Baggage compartment

§       The gear is held up by hydraulic pressure

§       Squat switch on left main leg.

-          Operation

o       REVERSIBLE pump ( VS RG )

§       The gear lever

o       Down lock hooks

§       Spring aided

o       Limits switches ( Gear pump )

o       Operating speeds

§       DOWN 140

§       UP 109 – Because of the airspeed force

-          The indicator lights

o       The NAV light feature

Emergency operation ( 3 – 18 )

-          The Free fall feature

o       Gear selector in the DOWN position

o       Airspeed 100 kt max

o       Releasing pressure

§       Possible YAWING to lock in position

 

FUEL SYSTEM ( 7 – 14 )

-          Description

o       Two tank a`55 gals – 54 usable

o       2 Vents under each wing / anti freeze feature

o       Draining system

-          Engine driven pumps

o       Location

-          Electric fuel pumps

o       Backing up

o       Take off and landing

-          The other fuel pumps

o       Primers

§       Directly into cylinder

o       Heater pump

§       Only for cruise

-          The cross feed system

o       Description

o       Why only for level / cruise flight

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Electrical system ( 7 – 16 )

-          Battery

o       12V 35 A

o       Forward compartment

-          Alternators

o       60 A / each engine

o       14 V supply

o       2000 rpm for full output

o       Over voltage relay at 17 V

o       Review of the alternator / Generator

-          External power ( 4 – 15 )

o       BAT / ALT OFF before connection

o       DISCONNECT BEFORE turning on BAT / ALT

-          Failures ( 3 – 20 )

o       Under voltage

§       Turn off / check breakers

§       Turn off BAT / ALT, then ALT on

o       Over voltage

§       Turn off / check breakers

§       Turn off BAT / ALT, then ALT on

Flaps ( 7 – 14 )

-          0,10, 25, 40 setting

-          Step usable in the UP position only

-          Max 25 for single engine work

 

Pitot static system ( 7 – 23 )

-          Under left wing

-          Alternate static source

o       Vindows closed

o       Vents closed

 

Heating / ventilation system ( 7 – 27 )

-          Fresh air intake in the vertical stabilizer

-          Heater in the front

o       Off for take off / landing ( Takes fuel pressure )

§       Intake lever fully open

§       Rocker switch to HEAT

§       In-flight – RAM air
Ground – Vent blower

§       STOP – use fan 3 minutes before shutdown!

 

Vacuum system

-          One pump on each engine

o       Shear protected

 

Summary

 

Main points from above

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Max weight Seminole             3800 lb

Wing area                                183.8 sq ft

Wing loading                            ~ 21 lb / sq ft

 

Max weight RG                  2650 lb

Wing area                                174 sq ft

Wing loading                            ~ 15 lb / sq ft.

 

-         The Different wing profiles of the two aircraft. ( 7.3 )

-         Explain why the Seminole will glide at a higher sink rate

 

-         The final conclusion

o       The dramatic loss of performance if one engine is lost.